Words can be connected using -e-, which approximately corresponds to “of”. this tarkeeb (technique) is called izaafat. It is ubiquitous in urdu shaayari.
Here is a fine example, which uses four izaafaat (plural of izaafat) in one misra!
buu-e-gul naalah-e-dil duud-e-charaaGh-e-mahfil
jo tiri bazm se nikla so pareshaaN nikla
This sher is by Ghalib (b. 1797). A rough translation is the following
scent of the rose lament of the heart smoke of the lamp of the gathering
whatever departed from your gathering departed in disorder
the first misra mentions three different things which do not seem related. then the second misra ties them together in a satisfying conclusion.
The word pareshaaN means disordered or scattered. Also, and more commonly, pareshaaN means worried or anxious. This makes sense to me – a worried person’s thoughts would be disordered.
Some izaafaat become so common that they create a new word.
There is a famous diamond called Kohinoor. It is the one of the largest in the world. Its name is an izaafat.
koh-e-noor means “mountain of light”.
darya-e-noor, which means “sea of light”, is another famous diamond. It is of a rare pink color.
